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The Climate of Spirit

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Earth and sea areas act in response to the atmosphere in a lot of different ways. The atmosphere is constantly circulating in a state of dynamic activity and it consists of water, oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide. The Dyyan Solar System is composed of two planets, Rutherus and Oscarus. The climate of Spirit is very similar to the Rutherus's planet, but Oscarus's climate, because of its distance far away from Dyyan, is not capable of having life existing on it. Spirit consists of two continents, the large one is called Delfino and the smaller one is called Pesce. This a picture of Spirit's landscape from the Delfino's continent.


The long term effect of Dyyan's radiation on the surface of Spirit gives us a varied surface and atmosphere. It can be understood most easily in terms of annual or seasonal averages of temperature and precipitation. Spirit's annual precipitation averages 55 in. to 100 in. and average temperature ranges from 20 degrees to 100 degrees F. The consistent temperature and humidity create a diverse and fragile circle of life. A big variety of microscopic plants and animals live near the ocean surface. They give a total and continuous history of the planet's environmental changes. This is a picture of the landscape of Pesce's continent.

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ATMOSPHERE

The current atmosphere of Spirit is its original atmosphere. The present atmosphere is an oxidizing atmosphere in that it contains oxygen. The original atmosphere was the result of condensation of gases in the proto-planetary disk, as were the almospheres of the gas giant planets. The original atmosphere was transformed, and changed by compounds that were expelled from the creation of crusts and the collisions of comets and other space debris rich in volatile material. Spirit's atmosphere currently is a thin layer of gases that surround Spirit. It is composed of 69.5% nitrogen, 20.5% oxygen, 9% argon, 1% carbon dioxide, and small amounts of other gases. This atmosphere is the result of the production of oxygen by the rich blue-green plants on land and in the sea which are found in the vast ocean and earth of Spirit.

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Gravity is the force of attraction that exists between any two masses. The Dyyan's gravity that keeps Spirit in its orbit and governs its one moon called Viaurus causes the ocean tides. Gravity keeps Spirit in orbit around Dyyan and keeps the atmosphere, oceans, and inhabitants from drifting into space. Gravity drags the rain that created those oceans. At sea level the air pressure is around 14.69 pounds per square inch the same as Rutherus. As altitude increases the air pressure decreases.



SEASONS

In addition to the effects of solar radiation and its discrepancies, however, Spirit's climate is also subjected to the complex structure and composition of the atmosphere and to the ways in which it and the ocean transport heat. The temperature of surface ocean water is about 79 degrees F. at the Equator. The continents of Delfino and Pesce lie on the Equatorial line, which is the line that divided both continents in South and North hemispheres. Deep in low pressure systems in the coldest areas the water temperature plows to the frozen levels and near the cold areas the water temperature drops to about 0 degrees F generating snowfall, showers, freezing rain, hail and sleet from the rapidly cooling areas. The cold fronts with low temperatures create mega thunderstorms across this region of Spirit. The following Map illustrates the climate Spirit

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Because of the rotational tilt of 24 degrees, Spirit experiences seasonal changes. Since the majority of Spirit is water, the same as Rutherus, these effects occur in its ocean bodies. The continents of Spirit lie in the Equatorial zone and experience their own unique climate changes. These climate changes range from tropical in the extreme Northern sections to temperate forest in the Southern.

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The surface currents of the ocean are characterized by large gyres, or currents that are preserved in motion by prevailing winds. The high pressures and low pressures also draw very cold and hot air into the Northern and Southern Hemispheres of Delfino and Pesce. Spirit is altered by the rotation around Dyyan in all its directions. Most of the 225 days a high pressure is set which gives us a tropical climate around the Equatorial line that covers most of Spirit's surface. Approximately 89% of Spirit is covered by water. This a picture that shows the movements of the winds across Spirit.



OCEAN CURRENTS

The ocean water is divided into two layers: the warm upper layer and the cold bottom layer. The colder bottom layer contains nutrients for the vast marine life food chain. Ocean water at the surface is warmed by the tropical regions, moves towards the polar regions where it looses heat, becomes saltier, denser, and sinks. The colder bottom layer circulates through the oceans and it is estimated that it takes up to 100 years to completely circulate throughout the oceans. This has a great impact upon the global climate of Spirit. Spirit's rotation produces a force on all bodies relative to that of Spirit. This force is least at the poles and greatest at the Equator. This force causes the direction of the ocean currents to be deflected. The ocean currents are deflected toward the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere.




The flow of Spirit's ocean is steady and rapid. The wind and precipitation of the tropical climate affect the land masses as well. The length of the days in Spirit's life are 15 hours long. Spirit has a radius of 6050 miles which is smaller than Rutherus. The spinning of Spirit keeps the waters in constant motion which causes the ocean currents. As the wind blows and Spirit rotates it pushes and moves the water in various directions. The movement of the water is caused by the rotation. There is a lot of moisture in the atmosphere. The circulation of the air is modified by the rotation of Spirit and by local variations in the heat and moisture content of the air. Spirit is a humid, tropical planet. The red in this picture shows high pressure developing in humid, tropical areas of the planet Spirit.

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RAINFALL

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This map shows big surfaces of high pressure and warm fronts that cause a warming effect; Spirit has a global tropical region. Most of the masses of land are covered by a tropical, Amazonian jungle. It is actually a rain forest. The temperature remains in the lower 40's and upper 70's. Sometimes, it could go as high as 99 degrees F. The annual rainfall is estimated at about 100 in. The reason that Spirit's continents are so hot, wet, and humid is because it's right on the Equatorial line that divides the North hemispheres and the South hemispheres. This high pressure on the Equator often encounters tropical disturbances such as hurricanes. The rainfall map represents Spirit's rain precipitation. Precipitation is not a problem in the oceans of Spirit. The Northern and Southern hemispheres are filled with mid-latitude storms, which rage during the cold winter months.


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The rainfall in the far north is very heavy. Rainfall averages around 1500mm. Over most of the area annual rainfall average is between 1700 and 2000mm (22-79 inches). Most of rain comes in the months of winter and spring months. Here there is no real winter only a "wet" and "dry" climate, being somewhat unreliable.The center section of Spirit's rainfall increases with latitude. Rain tends to fall throughout Spirit all year around.



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HURRICANES

Hurricanes are tropical turbulences that draw very high pressure into Spirit's heart land as they surge with warmer moisture over the Equator. This creates enormous tropical storms that fall along a wide path of this central area of Spirit. Sometimes because of the enormous quantities of humidity several hurricanes can be seen in the same area. These hurricanes can even mix or collide with each other causing a mega hurricane which will develop throughout Spirit. As this mega hurricane system progresses it spreads big quantities of rain into the South and North Hemispheres of Spirit. A single tropical disturbance in time can grow to a more extreme stage by reaching a specified sustained wind speed. These winds as they progress spread more rain into the tropical regions. This tropical depression can last weeks and even months.

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The progression of tropical disturbances can be seen categorized as 1- Tropical Depression, 2-Tropical Storm, and 3- hurricanes and 4-mega hurricanes. They may begin as a cluster of thunderstorms over the tropical ocean waters. Once a disturbance has become a tropical depression, the amount of time it takes to achieve the next stage, tropical storm, can take as little as half a day up to a couple of days. It might not happen at all. The same may occur for the amount of time a tropical storm needs to strengthen into a hurricane. Atmospheric and oceanic conditions play the major role in determining these events.



TEMPERATURE

The temperature map represents Spirit. Temperatures range from 30 degrees F. at the poles of Spirit, while temperatures of 99 degrees F. are typical of tropical land surface temperature. The deeper ocean waters range around 50 degrees F. At the Equator the solar radiation strikes Spirit more directly than the Polar Regions. The solar radiation strikes Spirit at a lower angle near the poles and Dyyan's rays must penetrate a greater thickness of atmosphere. Some of the solar radiation is scattered in the atmosphere and more heat is lost near the poles as a result of the lessened concentration of energy.

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Spirit's surface at the Equator receives 2.5 times more incoming solar radiation, than the atmosphere above the poles. The highest average annual ocean temperature 79 degrees F. is present along the Equator and temperatures decrease symmetrically to the north and south approaching 30 degrees at high latitudes. Spirit's mean atmospheric temperature is approximately 273 k (32 F.). The tilt of Spirit rotational axis relative to its path around Dyyan and the peculiarity of Spirit's orbit affect the planet's temperature. For Spirit it only causes about 5% variation in incoming solar intensity throughout a year. The proportion of light or radiation reflected from the surface of Spirit is .40. This is the ratio of reflected light to incident light. Spirit's albedo varies as much as 10% with each season.



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Weather Microbiology
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