MICROBIOLOGY
by Dennis Molina

    No one really knows how exactly life got started in Corona, but we can only assume how the first organisms came to life.  In the early stages, Corona was simply made up of rock particles revolving around an orbit.  As years pass, the particles where packed together by the powerful gravitational pull that Corona build up throught the years.  Eventually as years added the more the planet became to take shape and the beginning orgamisms were taking their first peek on this land. 

    The first types of cells that evolved from planet Corona are known as nanites and tenites, which appeared roughly around 3 billion and 1 billion years ago respectively.  This cells can be defined according the need of energy they require.   Autonites are "self feeders" that use light or chemical energy to make food.  In contrast, heteronites "other feeders" obtain energy from other autonites or heteronites.

    Nanites are molecules surrounded by a membrane and a cell wall.   Some of these nanites come in different shapes: coccu (round), baccelli (rods) and spirali or spiroshell (helical cells).  Some nanite cells have external whip-like flagella for locomotion or hair like pilli for adhesion.  Nanites lived in different enviroments such as in very high temperatures located near volcanic lava flow, hot spring run-off channels, geysers and thermal vents and also at very high concentrations of salt (NaCl) found perhaps in evaporating ponds of seawater.  At high temperatures their membrane and enzyme are stable and with varying temperatures of ( 80 degrees to 100 degrees ) it meets the requirement for cell growth.  In the salt concentration environment at  low salt concentration the cell with not grow.   Their cell walls, ribosomes and enzymes are stabilized by Na+.  The high concentration of NaCl in their environment limits the availability of O2 for respiration so they are able to supplement their energy capacity by absorbing light for the synthesis of sugars.  With volcanism, asteroids and comets landing on Corona in the past, it made it possible for different chemicals to react with each other creating a chemically rich environment for different organisms to grow and replicate eachother to form the same type of cells and also new.  This new cells were called tenites, although tenites evolved from nanites they have distinctive features that makes them different from nanites.  For example they are shaped differently than the nanites, these tenites come only in: coccusphe (spherical).  Our basic tenite cell will include the following: a plasma membrane, cytoplasm which is the semifluid, cytoskeleton which gives the cell its shape and also allows its motion through the medium and presense of characteristic membrane enclosed subcellular organelles.  In contrast to nanites, tenites live in different environments located near creeks and lakes having high acidic concentration due to chemical build up.  Most of these tenites can be found in   moderate temperatures ( 60 degrees to 75 degrees ) which meets the requirement for cell growth.  Although different from the nanites it will only reproduce to create the same cell. 

The Cell Cycle.

The cell cycle is an ordered set of events, culminating in cell growth and division into two daughter cells. These stages, pictured to the right, are G1-S-G2-M. The G1 stage stands for "GAP 1". The S stage stands for "Synthesis". This is the stage when DNA replication occurs. The G2 stage stands for "GAP 2". The M stage stands for "mitosis", and is when nuclear(chromosomes separate) and cytoplasmic (cytokinesis) division occur.

Process of Mitosis:

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